Observational, student, and teacher perspectives on interpersonal teacher behavior: Shared and unique associations with teacher and student emotions

Teachers’ interpersonal behavior in class is important for teacher and student emotions. Often the same rater (either or students) used to assess both perceptions of emotions, which makes it vulnerable common-method bias. Including other perspectives on has been proposed as a solution, but unclear what extent different are correlated how separate their shared unique variance explaining Behavior 80 teachers was rated from three (observers, students, teachers) terms Agency (i.e., social influence) Communion friendliness). The overlapped more strongly agency than communion. Especially communion stronger predictor emotions agency. Our innovative statistical approach showed that strong association between ratings unlikely result bias only.